Industrial personnel
in the world

Further education in Germany is regulated and financed at both the federal and regional levels, while municipalities fulfill a supplementary function. The point is to involve as many large technical companies (e.g. Siemens, Bosch, etc.) and universities as possible. In the universities, there are often training centers or courses where students or employees of companies and factories can gain mathematical, engineering and computer skills.

As a result, the youth unemployment rate is extremely low in German cities. Adults in their turn are assisted in retraining, finding new jobs and acquiring new skills by the employment agency, which cooperates with institutions of further education in the municipalities.

The school offers computing, technology, engineering and design courses which make it possible to get a new job or to gain skills to advance the worker's career. Moreover, there are special programs for migrants, which include German and other languages in addition to technical/humanities courses.

The school has branches in all German states, with the largest ones in Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. It offers professional training and retraining courses in such areas as automation of technology, media and communications, design, computer technology, energy and environment, management and health care. The school cooperates with the Berlin administration, educational institutions and technology corporations including Google and Microsoft Partner.

American further professional education varies from state to state, but generally, it offers both post-secondary vocational training, which is similar to colleges and technical schools in Russia, and courses (usually belonging to the broad category of advanced study/professional education). These courses provide further training, specialized or vocational education.

Vocational education takes place in colleges, postsecondary vocational and technical schools and so-called community colleges. They are available not only to recent school graduates but also to older people who would like to acquire a new profession or return to school after a break.

Such training may be sponsored by the School to Work or College Promise programs.

The NYU School of Professional Studies is part of New York University and is supported by the municipal government. It is the largest center for specialists wishing to develop professional expertise in different fields. The school offers study programs focused on the acquisition or improvement of qualifications in technical (information technology and everything related to it), social (urban studies, tourism) fields and humanities (management, communication).

Rosedale Technical College is a technical college in Pittsburgh where students can complete vocational education and practical training or combine study with a job or internship to put into practice the knowledge and skills acquired. All courses have a technical direction (automotive and diesel technology, HVAC technology, etc.) and focus on the manufacturing, construction and industrial sectors.

Engineers Australia (EA) was founded after the First World War as a professional non-profit organization to advance engineering education in Australia. Today it manages nine colleges that train professionals in different fields of engineering.

Affiliate of EA, Engineering Education Australia offers more than 80 courses to strengthen technical, project management and interpersonal communication skills and develop tailored programs for specific companies and industries. The organization keeps a constant watch on industry trends and emerging technologies and ensures that all training courses respond to the needs of today's engineers.

Engineering Education Australia works with both individual engineers and companies in the public and private sector.

The Vocational Training Council (VTC) is an association of continuing professional education and training institutions in Hong Kong. The group comprises 13 institutes and colleges that provide a wide range of further vocational courses and postgraduate education programs. Areas of study include applied science, business administration, engineering, hospitality, tourism, maritime, information technology, etc. VTC programs combine theory and practice and offer internships both in local companies and abroad.

Lifelong learning is the name given to the Danish education program for adults. Open education institutions accept working people who wish to improve their qualifications or change careers. It is fee-based training, which includes learning specific subjects required to develop certain skillsets. However, graduates receive a diploma that carries the same weight as a university degree.

Working adults can also study at higher education centers, technical, commercial, agricultural, social, business and health-care services schools. All institutions are sponsored by the government, which does not interfere with either the content or the form of education.